9. Extra tips on using in-text references
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• Make sure that your references merge into the flow of your writing. Anything that does not fit with your style of writing or is not linked into the stream of your argument tends to look as if it is plagiarised.
• If you want to refer to a source which is cited inside the book or article you have read, you can use ‘cited in’. For example:
According to Li (2000, cited in Collins 2006, p. 45), dogs are particularly keen to sing if they are accompanied by the clarinet. She suggests that this is because the clarinet is ….
OR
Dogs are particularly keen to sing if they are accompanied by the clarinet because this instrument is closest …. (Li 2000, cited in Collins 2006, p. 45).
In your reference list, only use the book you read, in this case, Collins.
• However, it is always better, if possible, to find the original source, in this case Li 2000, and paraphrase it.
• If you want to refer to a personal or written communication, use ‘personal communication’
Dogs can harmonise particularly well with the clarinet (R Shrensky, personal communication, 26 January 2007)
• Generally, it is not a good idea to refer to Wikipedia, your lectures or class notes. It is better to refer to textbooks, journal articles and other academic sources.
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